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Telecommunications

Broadband and fibre provider financial model, built free.

A three-statement Excel model for a fixed broadband and fibre operator, built from your own figures and checked to balance.

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We use generative AI in parts of our process, so mistakes can occur. Every model should be checked by a person before it is relied on. Read more

The business

Sells broadband (and bundled voice or TV) over its own fibre or cable network or over wholesale access, growing by passing more premises and lifting take-up.

See the sampleHow the model works

In short

  • 01

    Three linked statements

    Income statement, balance sheet and cash flow, linked in every period.

  • 02

    Valued two ways

    Discounted cash flow and trading multiples, side by side.

  • 03

    Monthly to annual

    Monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or annual periods, for up to 30 years.

  • 04

    Checked every period

    A Checks sheet shows the balance sheet balances and the cash reconciles.

The sample

The sample, as Excel draws it.

Built by the same system and checks as yours, on illustrative figures: every sheet as Excel draws it, or live.

Annual · 10 years · Low detail
Broadband and fibre provider sample model.xlsx
The Summary sheet of the sample broadband and fibre provider model

Illustrative figures: the sample describes no real business. The live preview shows values; your model’s Excel file has every formula.

How it works

How the model works for a broadband and fibre provider.

  1. How it earns revenue3 formulas
    Recurring revenue and ARR · All product plans
    Subscription revenueOpening ARRClosing ARRshare of the year
    Recurring revenue and ARR · All product plans
    New customer ARRNew customersfrom new customers and sales and marketingARR per new customer
    Recurring revenue and ARR · All product plans
    Net expansion ARRPrice increase on the installed baseUpsell and cross-sell (net of contraction)
  2. What drives its costs3 formulas
    Network operating costs · All telecom networks
    Network operating costsGroup revenue attributed to the networkNetwork costs as a share of revenue
    Cost of revenue · All product plans
    Cost of revenueHosting and infrastructureCustomer support and successFixed platform and support overhead
    New customers and sales and marketing · All product plans
    Sales and marketingCustomer acquisition spend (new logos)Account management and renewals
  3. What it invests in3 formulas
    Network build and asset base · All telecom networks
    Network capex (revenue × capex intensity)Group revenue attributed to the networkCapex intensity (capex ÷ revenue)
    Network build and asset base · All telecom networks
    Network depreciationDepreciation of the opening networkDepreciation of new capex
    Network build and asset base · All telecom networks
    Closing net book valueOpening net book valueNetwork capex (revenue × capex intensity)Network depreciation
  4. How it is funded3 formulas
    Debt
    RepaymentsScheduled repaymentsPrepayments from an equity raise and the cash sweep
    Debt
    Closing balanceOpening balanceDrawdownsRepayments
    Debt
    Interest expenseOpening balanceAll-in interest rateshare of the year
  5. How profit becomes cash3 formulas
    Billings and deferred revenue · All product plans
    Closing deferred revenueClosing ARRfrom recurring revenue and ARRShare of ARR billed in advanceBilling term invoiced in advance
    Billings and deferred revenue · All product plans
    BillingsSubscription revenue (recurring revenue and arr)from recurring revenue and arrClosing deferred revenueOpening deferred revenue
    Working capital
    Trade receivablesRevenuefrom statementsDebtor daysDays in period
What it covers

21 parts, each one tested.

Every part is a tested building block with its own checks: yours is put together from the ones your business needs.

  • CPI forecastConsensus curve with long-run anchor
  • Operating expensesHeadcount build by function
  • Working capitalFull working capital
  • Income taxCorporate rate with tax losses
  • DebtAmortising term loan
  • Equity raisingDistribution reinvestment plan
  • Dividends and distributionsPayout of net profit
  • Discounted cash flow valuationDCF on free cash flow to the firm
  • Multiples valuationEV / EBITDA multiple
  • Interest-rate hedgingHedged share at a fixed rate
  • LeasesLease register
  • Key-metric summaryLast-twelve-month and run-rate metrics
  • Covenant tests and headroomLVR, gearing and ICR for property
  • Case selectionStackable stress toggles
  • Network build and asset baseCapex to revenue intensityCapital expenditure to build and maintain a network, with depreciation and net book value.
  • Network operating costsNetwork costs as a share of revenueRunning costs of a network — site rental, energy, maintenance, field operations, backhaul and network IT.
  • New customers and sales and marketingNew customers per period × CACNew paying customers (logos, subscribers, gross adds) won each period for a plan, and the sales and marketing spent winning them (acquisition cost) and keeping them (account management). Carrying the spend per plan keeps new customers and the spend that wins them consistent; its roll-up lands in operating expenses.
  • Customer base and churnConstant churn rateCustomer roll-forward for a plan — opening customers + new customers − churned customers = closing customers.
  • Recurring revenue and ARRARR bridge on ARPA with price increases and net expansionThe ARR bridge for a plan (opening ARR + new-customer ARR + net expansion − churned ARR = closing ARR) and the subscription revenue recognised from it. Pricing (ARPA, seats, tiers, price increases) and net expansion (upsell, cross-sell, contraction) are part of each method.
  • Billings and deferred revenueBilled in advance (billing mix) with deferred revenueInvoicing of subscriptions and usage and the deferred revenue that results from billing in advance.
  • Cost of revenueCost per customer plus fixed platform costDirect cost of serving a plan's customers — hosting, customer support and success, app-store fees, royalties and (for telcos) wholesale access — so that gross margin can differ by plan. Use this in any model with product plans.
Key numbers

The numbers it tracks.

  1. 01premises passed
  2. 02penetration
  3. 03connections
  4. 04ARPU
  5. 05cost per premise passed
  6. 06EBITDA margin
  7. 07capex to sales
Used for

What it is used for.

Also used for
  • Scenarios and sensitivities
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The sample is built on illustrative figures and describes no real business. Models are calculations prepared from the information you provide. They are not financial advice and must be independently verified. See our terms.