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Processing, smelting and recycling

Bauxite and alumina producer financial model, built free.

A three-statement Excel model for a bauxite miner and alumina refiner, built from your own figures and checked to balance.

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We use generative AI in parts of our process, so mistakes can occur. Every model should be checked by a person before it is relied on. Read more

The business

Mines bauxite and refines it into alumina through the Bayer process, consuming caustic soda and energy, and sells alumina at index prices (or bauxite to third-party refineries), with residue storage to close.

See the sampleHow the model works

In short

  • 01

    Three linked statements

    Income statement, balance sheet and cash flow, linked in every period.

  • 02

    Valued two ways

    Discounted cash flow and trading multiples, side by side.

  • 03

    Monthly to annual

    Monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or annual periods, for up to 30 years.

  • 04

    Checked every period

    A Checks sheet shows the balance sheet balances and the cash reconciles.

The sample

The sample, as Excel draws it.

Built by the same system and checks as yours: its structure and its inputs, ready for your own figures.

Annual · 10 years · Low detail
Bauxite and alumina producer sample model.xlsx
The How It Works sheet of the sample bauxite and alumina producer model

The sample describes no real business. Yours is calibrated to your own figures, so its results are your business’s.

How it works

How the model works for a bauxite and alumina producer.

  1. How it earns revenue3 formulas
    Product pricing and revenue · All processing plants
    Product sales revenueMetal outputfrom feed and outputRealised price in model currency
    Sales and realised prices · All mines
    Gold salesHedged salesSpot sales
    Sales and realised prices · All mines
    Gold spot priceGold spot price, last periodAnnual gold price change1 in the first period of each year
  2. What drives its costs3 formulas
    Plant emissions and carbon costs · All processing plants
    Carbon cost (net of credits sold)Cost of units surrenderedIncome from credits sold
    Plant emissions and carbon costs · All processing plants
    Plant emissionsMetal outputfrom feed and outputPlant emissions intensityPlant emissions intensity index
    Feed and raw materials · All processing plants
    Feed and raw material costScrap costOther metallics costAlloys and fluxes cost
  3. What it invests in3 formulas
    Plant capex, relines and depreciation · All processing plants
    Plant capexSustaining capexProject capex
    Plant capex, relines and depreciation · All processing plants
    Plant depreciationDepreciation of the existing plant (straight line)from straight lineDepreciation of the project (from commissioning)from from commissioning
    Plant capex, relines and depreciation · All processing plants
    Closing net book valueClosing book value of the existing plantClosing project book value
  4. How it is funded3 formulas
    Debt
    RepaymentsScheduled repaymentsPrepayments from an equity raise and the cash sweep
    Debt
    Closing balanceOpening balanceDrawdownsRepayments
    Debt
    Interest expenseOpening balanceAll-in interest rateshare of the year
  5. How profit becomes cash3 formulas
    Working capital
    Trade receivablesRevenuefrom statementsDebtor daysDays in period
    Working capital
    InventoryDirect costs (positive)from statementsInventory daysDays in period
    Working capital
    Trade payablesCash operating costs (positive)from statementsCreditor daysDays in period
What it covers

29 parts, each one tested.

Every part is a tested building block with its own checks: yours is put together from the ones your business needs.

  • CPI forecastConsensus curve with long-run anchor
  • Exchange rate (US dollar)Exchange rate by financial year
  • Corporate costsFixed cost base indexed to CPI
  • Working capitalFull working capital
  • Income taxCorporate rate with tax losses
  • DebtAmortising term loan
  • Dividends and distributionsPayout of net profit
  • Discounted cash flow valuationDCF on free cash flow to the firm
  • Multiples valuationEV / EBITDA multiple
  • Decommissioning and restoration provisionsPresent value with accretion
  • Interest-rate hedgingHedged share at a fixed rate
  • Key-metric summaryLast-twelve-month and run-rate metrics
  • Discount rate (WACC)CAPM at target gearing
  • Plant emissions and carbon costsDeclining baseline with credits and surrendersEmissions from smelting, refining and steelmaking and the cost of carbon pricing, baselines and border adjustments.
  • Plant registerCapacity by unit (potlines, furnaces, trains)Capacity, book value and remaining life of each processing plant and its main units.
  • Feed and outputFeed × metal content × recoveryTonnes fed to the plant and the metal or product it makes.
  • Product pricing and revenueIndex or contract formula priceThe price realised for the plant's products, or the fees it earns for processing others' material.
  • Feed and raw materialsScrap and metallics at a metal-linked priceThe cost of concentrate, ore, scrap and other raw materials the plant consumes.
  • Power and fuelPower price linked to the metal priceElectricity, gas and other energy consumed by the plant.
  • Conversion costsCost lines with driversLabour, maintenance, consumables and overheads of running the plant.
  • Plant capex, relines and depreciationConstruction or expansion projectSustaining and project capex, relines and rebuilds, depreciation and impairment.
  • Mine registerMine register with resource conversionThe facts every other part of the model builds on — mineable inventory (reserves plus any converted resources), carrying value and mine life.
  • Development and first productionMine already in productionPre-production construction capex, first production date and ramp-up to nameplate for new mines and expansions. Development capex feeds the asset base (and so PP&E and investing cash flow).
  • Mining and processingMill throughput × grade × recovery (gold)The physical chain from ore and waste mined, through plant throughput, head grade and recovery, to payable product (in units of the mine's own product: ounces, tonnes, dry metric tonnes, pounds) and the reserves remaining.
  • Sales and realised pricesPartly hedged gold sales (hedge book at a fixed price)Product sold × realised price, including hedging, offtake terms, quality adjustments and smelter charges. Units sold and prices are per unit of the mine's own product; the market price (spot, or FOB for bulk commodities) is the royalty value basis.
  • RoyaltiesHybrid royalty (greater of ad valorem and profit-based)Government royalties, third-party royalties and community payments on each mine's production.
  • Site operating costsUnit rates (mining $/t, processing $/t, fixed site G&A)Mining, processing, site administration and (for bulk commodities) rail, port and shipping costs.
  • Mine assets and depreciationUnits-of-production depreciation on ore reservesSustaining and growth capex (including capitalised stripping and underground development) and depreciation of mine properties and plant.
  • Rehabilitation and closureClosure cost built up over the ore reservesThe rehabilitation and closure provision — build-up or unwinding, progressive rehabilitation spend and final closure. Build-up is an operating charge (direct costs); the unwinding of discount is a non-cash finance cost.
Key numbers

The numbers it tracks.

  1. 01bauxite mined (Mt)
  2. 02alumina produced (Mt)
  3. 03bauxite and caustic per tonne of alumina
  4. 04energy per tonne
  5. 05cash cost per tonne
  6. 06EBITDA
Used for

What it is used for.

Also used for
  • Scenarios and sensitivities
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The sample is built on illustrative figures and describes no real business. Models are calculations prepared from the information you provide. They are not financial advice and must be independently verified. See our terms.